Khóa: Introduction to Psychology, Chủ đề: Personality | Social Psychology

A photograph shows two children running outside through an open doorway.

In the Personality segment of this module, we will consider the wide variety of personality traits found in human beings. We’ll consider how and when personality influences our behavior, and how well we perceive the personalities of others. We will also consider how psychologists measure personality, and the extent to which personality is caused by nature versus nurture. The fundamental goal of personality psychologists is to understand what makes people different from each other (the study of individual differences), but they also find that people who share genes (as do Paula Bernstein and Elyse Schein) have a remarkable similarity in personality.

The Social Psychology segment of this module explores how the presence of other people influences the behavior of individuals, dyads, and groups. Social factors can determine whether human behavior tends toward conflict or harmony. (Image Credit: Modification of work by Nicolas Alejandro)

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

Define personality
Describe early theories about personality development
Describe the strengths and limitations of the psychodynamic approach to explaining personality.
Summarize the accomplishments of the neo-Freudians.
Identify the major contributions of the humanistic approach to understanding personality.
Describe the behaviorist, cognitive, and social cognitive perspective on personality.
Describe the trait approach to understanding personality and the influences of personality on behaviors.
Discuss how situations play a role in one’s personality.
Describe what MMPI is and how people use MMPI to measure personalities.
Describe various projective tests.
Discuss how personality may differ across cultures.
Discuss ways to study personalities across cultures.
Define social psychology
Describe situational versus dispositional influences on behavior
Describe the fundamental attribution error
Describe social roles and how they influence behavior
Explain what social norms are and how they influence behavior
Define script
Describe the findings of Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment
Define attitude
Describe how people’s attitudes are internally changed through cognitive dissonance
Explain how people’s attitudes are externally changed through persuasion
Describe the peripheral and central routes to persuasion
Explain the Asch effect
Define conformity and types of social influence
Describe Stanley Milgram’s experiment and its implications
Define groupthink, social facilitation, and social loafing
Define and distinguish among prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination
Provide examples of prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination
Explain why prejudice and discrimination exist
Define aggression
Define cyberbullying
Describe the bystander effect
Describe altruism
Describe conditions that influence the formation of relationships
Identify what attracts people to each other
Describe the triangular theory of love
Explain social exchange theory in relationships
Review the principles of social cognition, including the fundamentals of how we form judgments about other people.
Define the concept of attitude and review the ways that attitudes are developed and changed, and how attitudes relate to behavior.
Summarize the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to human altruism.
Provide an overview of the causes of human aggression.
Explain the situations under which people conform to others and their motivations for doing so.
Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of working together in groups to perform tasks and make decisions.
Review the factors that can increase group productivity.

To achieve these objectives:

Read the Module 6 Introduction
Read and view the materials in the Module 6 Pressbooks book
Complete all activities in the module

Module Pressbooks Resources and Activities

You will find the following resources and activities in this module at the Pressbooks website. Click on the links below to access or complete each item.

Introduction to Psychology

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Personality | Social Psychology

Module Pressbooks Resources and Activities

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